tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-90050132997200635512024-03-14T04:36:04.786+01:00The Pore SpaceHenrik Svensen's blog on science writing etc.Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.comBlogger24125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-71740604075237918142012-09-19T15:33:00.001+02:002012-09-19T15:33:14.921+02:00The Melody of Science"Two times during the last few weeks, my wife has been asked to write a song. A very specific song that is, a song for special occasions when a person is celebrated e.g. for a 50th birthday or a Confirmation. The way to produce songs of this type is to use keywords from a person’s life that one way or other sums up his/her main events and achievements, and to fit it into the melody lines of a familiar song – often a very simple and somewhat traditional melody. I’m sure this must be common tradition in other countries too." <br />
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"Let me summarize the main ingredients that were gathered for one of these songs: “Childhood friends, the parents’ house, boyfriends, school, marriage, kids, working at X, likes reading and picking berries”. When I saw this list, I couldn’t help thinking: Is that it? My wife is good at this stuff, but even she protested about the apparent dullness and ordinariness of the keywords. There must be more to a life than that. The question is what the keywords for the song about your life would look like."<br />
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Read the rest of the post at the <a href="http://blog.eag.eu.com/general/the-melody-of-science/" target="_blank">Blogosphere</a> of the European Association of Geochemistry.<br />
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Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-53905599162702194832012-09-13T13:26:00.001+02:002012-09-13T14:02:57.848+02:00The Norwegian Mountain Literature Award 2012<br />
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My book <em>Bergtatt</em> (<em>'In High Places'</em>) received the Norwegian Mountain Literature Award 2012 last weekend! The award to handed to me by the legendary <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Faarlund" target="_blank">Nils Faarlund</a> during an event at the Litteraturhuset in Oslo, and included 10.000 NOK which I handed over to Gerda M. Pauler and the work that <a href="http://www.autismnepal.org/" target="_blank">Autism Care Nepal</a> do. Among the audience were famous climbers like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Scott" target="_blank">Doug Scott</a> and <a href="http://www.norrona.com/MAGAZINE/Trollveggen" target="_blank">Aslak Aastorp</a>.<br />
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Previous years' awards were given to: Knut B Lykken «Turglede med konger og kunstnere», Halvor Hagen «Toppturer i Romsdalen», Terje Kleiven «Dei gav oss ein arv», and «Troll Wall. The untold story of the British first ascent of Europe’s tallest Rock Face». Hurrungane Turlag and Mountain People are responsible for the award. <br />
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Photos: Marit Bakke<br />
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<br />Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-33557712430304047042012-07-16T20:56:00.004+02:002012-07-16T21:46:42.346+02:00Read this if you plan fieldwork this summer<em>“You just know it when it’s time to leave the field and head for home. When the thought of one more day collecting rocks in the field is just too much to handle; when the mosquito bites feel like personal attacks and the homely daily routines appear in your mind as something heavenly: DVD’s, your favourite coffee, the bed of course, but most of all, the bathroom.”</em><br />
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In my first post on the new blog site for the European Association of Geochemistry (EAG), I write about the possible challenges of getting your fieldwork samples back home. If you are already in the field, do not despair but check out the continuation of the above quote. You find my EAG blog <a href="http://blog.eag.eu.com/henrik-svensens-blog/how-to-save-your-fieldwork-season/">here</a>. <br />
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<em>Picture of me taking samples during an expedition to East Siberia in 2010.</em> </div>
<br />Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-32213172652023860532012-02-22T10:42:00.000+01:002012-02-22T10:42:38.210+01:00Naming a mountain rangeAs a follow-up of my last blog and the comments I have received, these are the most common names used for parts of the ca. 2400 km long mountain range in Norway and Sweden.<br />
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<strong>Scandes</strong>: Used by some people in Sweden. It is also used by a few geologists (well, at least one) for the mountains formed during the Caledonian orogeny, about 410 million years ago.<br />
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<strong>The Scandinavian Mountains</strong>: I’m not sure if this is used as a descriptive term in Sweden, or as a proper name. It is not used in Norway as far as I know.<br />
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<strong>The Caledonides</strong>: The rocks of the current range were deformed (and partly formed) during the Caledonian orogeny, but the current topography is believed to be of an entirely different origin than the Caledonian range (at least by 99,9% of the geologists..). <br />
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<strong>Kjølen/Kjölen</strong>: Refers to the mountains along the border between Norway and Sweden, although many people think the name applies to the whole range. In my opinion, it doesn’t. <br />
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The Geological society of Norway has started the work on launching a name contest, and more info will follow soon, according to the <a href="http://www.geologi.no/cgi-bin/geologi/imaker?id=20734">society</a>.<br />
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There are several independent initiatives as well: <br />
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http://www.norsk-klatring.no/Ute/Fjell/Fjellnavnekonkurranse<br />
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http://lydpoesi.wordpress.com/2012/02/05/alpane-uralfjella-pyreneane-og-fjellkjeda-utan-namn/Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-52184432475720678272012-02-16T22:09:00.000+01:002012-02-16T22:09:09.153+01:00On the discovery of a new 2400 km long mountain rangeIt may sound like a joke, but it’s true. If you don’t believe me, find an atlas or map and look up Scandinavia: A lot of elevated topography, but no name. I made the discovery when working on my new book Bergtatt (“In High Places”), about 3-4 years ago.<br />
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In Norway, there is a long mountain range stretching from the southern parts and all the way to arctic Finnmark County, but very few people have thought about it as representing a unified range. In addition, the range doesn’t have a name. Local and regional parts are named of course (like Jotunheimen and Rondane), but the range as a whole lacks a name. How is that possible?<br />
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A key reason is probably related to how Norwegians use the mountains. We go there a lot, either to private cabins or hiking, which puts the focus on specific areas and not an extended part of the range. And the mountain range is actually quite difficult to see from afar, in contrast to e.g., the Alps. There also used to be confusion about the relationship between the current mountains and the ca. 410 million year old Caledonian range which rocks are found in the very same mountains. Thus some called it the Caledonian range. Today we know that the mountains in Norway belong to a specific category of mountains that are present on passive margins, and mountain ranges of similar extent, altitude and origin are found around the globe (Brazil, South Africa, India, Australia, and Greenland). <br />
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In the 1940’s, the Swedish geographer Erik Ljungner suggested a name on the Swedish part of the range, the Scandes mountains. The reason was his like for short Alps-Andes-like names. Today, that name is commonly used in Sweden and by some Norwegian geologists as well, but is not a name that can easily be applied in Norway.<br />
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The geological society in Norway will launch a contest later this year, where Norwegians can have their say about what they think the mountain range should be named. There are already several independent suggestions around, and it will be exciting to follow the development. What about "The northern mountains"? Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-80350634508286847112011-10-12T19:43:00.000+02:002012-07-16T21:49:31.938+02:00The Mysterious Bible of Successful Science Outreach<br />
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<span lang="EN-US">Most people involved in science outreach may, from time to time, need advice about how to improve. Be it writing techniques, language skills or target groups. Indeed, there are many books you can consult on this topic. Still, the basic ideas, the very foundations of the article, are left for the author. At least that’s what I though until I found the book <i>Encyclopaedia of Article Ideas</i> on a second hand market recently. The book was written by Leslie V. Heald, and was published in 1946. With a small size and neutral blue cover, it didn’t make much of an impression. It smelled of ‘old book’ and appeared to have been left unopened for a number of years. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I opened it, and realized that I had discovered a gem. The book turned out to be a register of ideas about what to write articles about. It really covered ground, spanning thematically from art to psychology, from homely affairs to the mysteries of science. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Instantaneously, I understood that with this book, I would be able to fill my blog with exceptional article for years to come. The possibilities seemed endless. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">It cost less than two dollars. What a coup!</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">There are several ways to use the book. You can look up your favorite topic and get ideas about how to target the article. Or you can freely combine themes from different topics, and make totally new concepts. Heald presents an example of how this can be done, and launch the themes <i>home/furniture</i> and <i>crime/swindle</i>, and voila, we get an article about “Famous swindles in costly furniture”. Simple, but elegant.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I turned the pages and arrived at a theme closer to my own field of interest: Conflicts between Man and Nature. Here, the very key words were listed as: Strange, continual, senseless, when man was a hunted animal, man’s struggle to supremacy, fighting snakes, stopping runaway horses (famous examples). </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">This last point took me somewhat by surprise, as I didn’t immediately associate runaway horses with any struggle with Nature. But here the book showed its strengths, as I never would have come up with this idea myself. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">A few pages later I came across a section about scientists. This is inspiring, just read the following key ideas: Queer, great, lucky, poor, female, genius, famous, eccentric, tragic, rich, struggling, great british scientists. Heald goes on and elaborates on scientists and how to make great articles: </span></div>
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<li><span lang="EN-US">Scientists who stuck by their theories. Though others did not believe.</span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US">Genius by accident.</span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US">Scientists who died for knowledge.</span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US">They risked their lives for science. </span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US">They experimented on themselves. </span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US">Are scientists supermen?</span></li>
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<span lang="EN-US">As you see, Heald laid the table for a number of article-goodies. I won’t give you more examples – for obvious reasons – but I guess you have more than enough to get started. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">One final piece of advice. Leslie Heald emphasize the endless possibilities in adding the words ”mysterious” and ”strange” in the title of your latest piece. I can’t help to agree when he concludes that “the idea speaks for itself”.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-56168403803134269012011-09-22T14:10:00.000+02:002011-09-22T14:10:39.390+02:00My new mountain book: Why it took five years<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DoNotShowRevisions/> <w:DoNotPrintRevisions/> <w:DoNotShowMarkup/> <w:DoNotShowComments/> <w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/> <w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>NO-BOK</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Five years after I started my most recent book project, the resulting book is out this week. Would I have done it again? Yes. Am I proud of the result? Yes. Title of the book? <i>A History of Mountains</i>. It is not written in a text-book style, but aimed at the general audience (perhaps best labeled 'creative non-fiction'). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">By investigating the history of science and the current understanding of the geology of mountains, I tell the story of mountains and what they mean to us. Why are some many people fascinated by them, what is it that we don’t know about mountains, and why are they sacred in many (or perhaps most) parts of the world? What is it that geologists actually know about their birth, evolution and decay? I also present my own experiences, how I got fascinated by mountains and what I saw in the Andes, the Alps, and the Scandinavian mountains during researching for the book. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">As I learnt a lot during the course of the book project, it seems natural to share the lessons with the readers of my blog. So, if you are planning on writing a book yourself, and would like to spend as long time as I did from start to publication, then follow my advices: </span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">After long days at work and after the kids (if you have any) are put to bed, open your laptop and start writing. Being tired is extremely inspiring.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Make sure you need to do excessive research, preferable somewhat outside your main field of competence. There is nothing like it.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Start writing as soon as possible, as the first chapter will be outdated when the last one is finished five years later.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Get in contact with a publisher as soon as you can, as a positive response will ensure that the project is stressed by strict deadlines.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">If you still head for completion before five years, send the manuscript to colleagues for an informal review.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Being a spare-time non-fiction writer clearly has its challenges. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">My remaining challenge: the book is published in the Norwegian, but it will hopefully be available in English at some stage.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7wxvka0_2d0/TnsjvfQVZ0I/AAAAAAAAAJg/m9iK9NeHAmE/s1600/bergtatt_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7wxvka0_2d0/TnsjvfQVZ0I/AAAAAAAAAJg/m9iK9NeHAmE/s320/bergtatt_medium.jpg" width="207" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">(Book cover: Nevado Chopicalqui (6354 meter), Peru. Photo by Alexandre Buisse.)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span><span class="HTMLPreformattedChar"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></span><span class="sig"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-28156889330904003062011-08-17T09:39:00.002+02:002011-08-17T10:02:49.540+02:00Imaginary landscapes<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
<div style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-GB">I was thinking about The Big Expedition this summer. The fieldwork that takes you far out for weeks. Last year I headed for East Siberia. This year I stayed at home. But I spent a lot of time thinking about that expedition, the lasting impressions. I searched my digital images. The taiga, camp fires, things we talked about, wild rivers and dead calm lakes. Old lava flows as far as the eye could see, and the wetness of the inside of my shell jacked when walking steep hills. </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zpO6iWzBrl8/TktvZ2nGd6I/AAAAAAAAAIE/3CFy0OGibGc/s1600/4136350562_8fa6ed573e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zpO6iWzBrl8/TktvZ2nGd6I/AAAAAAAAAIE/3CFy0OGibGc/s320/4136350562_8fa6ed573e.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(http://www.flickr.com/photos/giuliasilvia/4136350562/)</span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US">The wonders of thinking about the past: The most important scenes have crystallized and the irrelevant are about to be forgotten. I remember the landscape of East Siberia as clearly as it was yesterday, but the feeling of the wind and the temperature (was it cold?) is gone. The exhaustive moments are soon gone too, polished away – a necessity for wanting to return. Next year. I’m sure. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Despite the lack of expedition life this summer, I have still been to the field. About 100 kilometres south towards Kongsberg. A colleague and I have been making new paths along a gully in the Krekling area – where a famous study trilobite of Cambrian shale was undertaken in the 1870’s by W.C. Brøgger. The surrounding forest was dark and the rocks black. I left home in the morning and came back for dinner. This style of fieldwork clearly has it’s advantages. Logistics: simple. Equipment: little. Costs: small: Comfort: high. </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US">So why push it for bigger expeditions to remote areas? Is it the dream about discovering new areas? To enter the unknown? Or has it something to do with the geologists was of working, and the quest for rocks, mountains, and exposures that may answer your scientific questions? You go where your questions take you.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-25890561534621903822011-05-10T23:08:00.000+02:002011-05-10T23:08:34.854+02:00My son discovers a chain of mud volcanoes near our summer house in Sweden<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This happened to me a few days ago on the dirt road leading to my summer house in Sweden. My son (age 3.5) was sitting on my shoulders and had ample time to pay attention to the details of the surrounding landscape, whereas I kept a steady gaze at the forest up front while concentrating on walking. As usual, he saw many interesting details along the road, like little pebbles or items resembling bugs or even frogs. All of a sudden, he cried out:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Son</b>: Look, what is that?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Father</b>: Hmm. What is this?... Wow... These are like small volcanoes, like mud volcanoes. I have seen then on many occasions during field trips!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I let him down and we got down on our knees for studying the phenomena. Layers and layers of mud flows originating from central vent made these miniature volcanoes. The biggest had a diameter of about 40 centimeters. Spectacular. I took out my camera and started photographing while urging my son to not mess with them using sticks or pebbles. We got more excited. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">They look very similar the mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan, just smaller. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Father</b>: Can you stand over there, so I can take a picture?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Son</b>: Yes, but why are these here? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Father</b>: It’s the melting of the ice in the ground, the last remnant of winter. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Son</b>: (pokes around) not bad, now I have seen mud volcanoes!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">So, that must have been the trigger for the volcanoes. I know that a big truck used this road the other day, thus loading the ground and creating overpressure. The first mud volcanoes in Sweden! I got more excited, counted the vents (more than 60), thought about excavating the whole thing, making a cross section, statistics, taking samples… I even saw a gas bubble in one of the vents. And the nicest thing of all: all the volcanoes were associated with linear fractures in the road. It’s like volcanoes growing in a rift zone. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Son</b>: Mud volcanoes!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Time was up. We walked the 30 meters to our house and had lunch. </span><br />
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</div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-51685603067997988402011-03-23T14:44:00.000+01:002011-03-23T14:44:05.245+01:00After the disaster<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>NO-BOK</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">It was huge. What more is there to say? Japan was prepared as the big one has been expected for a long time. Still, the M 9.0 earthquake and tsunami devastated the whole coast line. Natural disasters always strike out of the blue no matter how well prepared a country is. Total preparedness will never happen and zero vulnerability is a dream that will never come trough. This applies to Japan as it applies to a small scale natural disaster that struck western Norway a couple of days ago. Two people died in a <a href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/distrikt/nrk_sogn_og_fjordane/1.7561033">snow and mud avalanche</a>. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Composite disaster are characterized by additional major hazards and disasters following the main trigger. In San Francisco in 1906 the fires that were started in the wake of the earthquake destroyed huge areas, as was the case in Tokyo after the 1923 Kanto earthquake. Almost half of Tokyo was destroyed by the flames. In addition, tsunamis are relatively common following major earthquakes below oceans, like in Asia in 2004, Chile 2010, or in Japan. What makes the current situation in Japan different is the possible consequences for the reconstruction if the nuclear disaster escalates. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I the mean time geologists try to understand the earthquakes and wait to see if the fault line that was active in 1923 can be reactivated. The activity in the main fault in the Japan Trench is still high, with more that 230 registered earthquakes the last week. Three earthquakes with M >6.4 occurred yesterday. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-4tMPiTqz3Gs/TYn4JaaQmJI/AAAAAAAAAHs/5D0t4OsjrIs/s1600/japan_usgs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-4tMPiTqz3Gs/TYn4JaaQmJI/AAAAAAAAAHs/5D0t4OsjrIs/s1600/japan_usgs.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Earthquakes in Japan the last week. www.usgs.gov.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Cities always rebuild after major natural disasters, but it remains to be seen what will happen near the nuclear plants in Japan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-18608915420576959722011-03-09T21:04:00.000+01:002011-03-09T21:04:15.193+01:00The nicest columnar joints ever?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DoNotShowRevisions/> <w:DoNotPrintRevisions/> <w:DoNotShowMarkup/> <w:DoNotShowComments/> <w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/> <w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>NO-BOK</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The picture this week is from the beautiful village Saint-Flour located about 80 km south of Clermont-Ferrand in the Massif Central (France). You see a lava flow with spectacular columnar joints overlain by a massive flow unit (picture 1). Saint-Flour is built on top of these basaltic flows (picture 2) that once poured out of the volcanoes forming the Massif du Cantal. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-u2KxoHluHP0/TXfZj0b6-FI/AAAAAAAAAHU/qrptndNbdns/s1600/Picture+702_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-u2KxoHluHP0/TXfZj0b6-FI/AAAAAAAAAHU/qrptndNbdns/s320/Picture+702_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Picture 1: The columns in Saint-Flour.</span></span></div><br />
<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Picture 2: Saint-Flour. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The volcanism in the Massif Central is young and rather odd. The most recent eruptions took place some 4000 years ago. Why are there volcanoes in this area at all? Is it linked to the Alpine deformation or to crustal spreading in the Atlantic? <span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The volcanoes in Massif Central are numerous, ranging from lava domes to cinder cones, maars, and stratovolcanoes. In the north, the spectacular Chaine des Puys contains a great number of cones and maars, and one of the cones is partly excavated (the Lemptégy volcano; picture 3) as a part of the Vulcania theme park. Is this the best place in the world to see the internal structuring of a volcano, with fumaroles deposits, scoria, feeder dikes and lava flows? </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-cO9DDYO2A30/TXfaJg5MYwI/AAAAAAAAAHc/CQZWmnwEOV8/s1600/Picture+641_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-cO9DDYO2A30/TXfaJg5MYwI/AAAAAAAAAHc/CQZWmnwEOV8/s320/Picture+641_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Picture 3: Inside the volcano on a veeery gloomy day.</span></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">All of the prominent mountains in Massif Central are volcanic in origin, like the tallest one, Puy de Sanchy at 1885 m and Mont-Dore (picture 4). Further to the west, volcanic plugs dominate both the natural and cultural landscape (pictures 5 and 6). </span></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-enzCn_MBbTI/TXfaYIxI7_I/AAAAAAAAAHg/l80hYKqDgFg/s1600/Picture+644_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-enzCn_MBbTI/TXfaYIxI7_I/AAAAAAAAAHg/l80hYKqDgFg/s320/Picture+644_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Picture 4: Mont-Dore in April/May. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-k4VilFUR-v4/TXfag2fZ-uI/AAAAAAAAAHk/M0iMnxAdVIg/s1600/Picture+590_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-k4VilFUR-v4/TXfag2fZ-uI/AAAAAAAAAHk/M0iMnxAdVIg/s320/Picture+590_mod.jpg" width="260" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;">Picture 5: One of the plugs in Puy-en-Velay. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-xvyAj0yJaek/TXfanyEN0NI/AAAAAAAAAHo/AssJN2mICTM/s1600/Picture+555_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-xvyAj0yJaek/TXfanyEN0NI/AAAAAAAAAHo/AssJN2mICTM/s320/Picture+555_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Picture 6: Puy-en-Velay. </span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I wonder if the volcanoes will be brought back to life some day. Strictly speaking, they are only dormant.</span></div><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><br />
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</div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-76092978055920992662011-03-01T22:09:00.000+01:002011-03-01T22:09:29.556+01:00The girl from Sahel<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DoNotShowRevisions/> <w:DoNotPrintRevisions/> <w:DoNotShowMarkup/> <w:DoNotShowComments/> <w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/> <w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>NO-BOK</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">We were lost. Lost in the sandy Sahel of northern Mali. The Toyota 4x4 managed the terrain well, but we couldn’t track our position on the map. The Sahel stretched out endlessly in all directions, and today the landscape was partly masked by the sandy veil lifted by the strong winds. What to do now? Should we try to follow the tracks back to M’Bouna, the village we came from? We chose to continue. The guides told us that we might get lucky and still find the localities we were looking for: Areas with a red oxidized soil or sediment layers that were apparently formed from the heat emanating from shallow volcanic intrusions. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">We continued and came across a small valley with some trees and a water well. A few guys rose among the animals (picture 1) and came to meet us.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-9-lqPAmUjM8/TW1exzQ_xeI/AAAAAAAAAHE/shVbqW0CIUc/s1600/DSCN1729_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-9-lqPAmUjM8/TW1exzQ_xeI/AAAAAAAAAHE/shVbqW0CIUc/s320/DSCN1729_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Picture 1)</span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">They gave us new directions and we moved on. After a while we drove through a small settlement with Tuareg nomads (picture 2). We stopped, and the guides got out of the cars and talked to the locals. I stayed in the car. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-_sp-7hn1XY0/TW1e-oLCypI/AAAAAAAAAHI/ZED8Orr6o84/s1600/DSCN1718_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-_sp-7hn1XY0/TW1e-oLCypI/AAAAAAAAAHI/ZED8Orr6o84/s320/DSCN1718_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Picture 2) </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Later that day we found the red rocks, and took some samples. The landscape seemed endless. Sand-polished rocks with thick weathering crusts were silent witnesses of the passage of time and climates. I took a picture before we headed back to M’Bouna.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-4cUoW2LEDfE/TW1f6iYlviI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/QMhELvMeXpw/s1600/DSCN1744_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-4cUoW2LEDfE/TW1f6iYlviI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/QMhELvMeXpw/s320/DSCN1744_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Picture 4)</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><br />
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</span></div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-40253295559693255882011-02-16T22:26:00.000+01:002012-07-16T21:48:09.287+02:00What hit Tunguska in 1908?<br />
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<span lang="EN-US">In 2004, I visited East Siberia for the first time. Together with colleagues from Oslo and Russia, we targeted the enormous sedimentary basin called the Tunguska Basin. The basin is cut by large rivers such as the Stony Tunguska and the Lower Tunguska – names that are familiar for those interested in Earth mysteries. Because in late June 1908, something exploded in Siberia that created shock waves that knocked down 2000 square kilometers of the surrounding Taiga and was recorded all the way to central Europe. It’s known as the Tunguska event. But what happened? </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Most scientists believe it was caused by a meteorite or asteroid impact, whereas others put the blame on sub-surface explosions. The problem is that the evidence is missing. There is apparently nothing out there, not even a small crater that can verify that the event was due to an impact. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">We went there by helicopter in late August 2004, and camped in the middle of the estimated epicenter of the blast (Picture 1). We put up the tents on the permafrost ground, and went searching for volcanic rocks. Yes, volcanic rocks. Our target was not to study the impact site per se, but to investigate the geology in the area. We knew from Russian maps that the surrounding hills were composed of volcanic sill intrusions, and the idea was to sample those hills, and look for structures associated with volcanic gas release. One of the few outcrops of volcanic rocks is shown in picture 2. Fieldwork in the Taiga is a challenge… </span></div>
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Picture 1: The epicentre of the Tunguska 1908 event. </div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> Picture 2: Outcrop of a dolerite sill.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The next day we moved camp to the shore of Lake Cheko, where met the park ranger. In picture 3 you see our helicopter, the kitchen, and the southern part of the lake. </span></div>
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Picture 3. </div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The problems started the following day, after we came back from a trip looking at the geology of the south-western part of the area. We saw the trees that fell in 1908, which still dominated the landscape (picture 4). We sampled some interesting volcanic rocks that were deposited in water, most likely shallow lake water. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">When we returned to Lake Cheko, the police had arrived and gave us a hard time due to visa-related issues. Guns were pulled, a policeman got wet, and we had to answer questions about why and what, where and how. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">We left the lake and the Tunguska site a couple of days later. The question about what happened there still lingers. </span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">Epilogue: An Italian research group in Bologna has visited Lake Cheko several times, and they claim that the lake occupies the crater formed in 1908. But they are not entirely sure: “</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">Up to now, it is not clear whether the great explosion was due to a comet or an asteroid or something else. We are searching for an answer.” (</span></i><span class="datestamp"><i><span lang="EN-US">http://www-th.bo.infn.it/tunguska).</span></i></span></div>
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Picture 4. </div>
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<span class="datestamp"><i><span lang="EN-US"> Picture 5. </span></i></span></div>
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<span class="datestamp"><i><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></i></span></div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-42750675274403165802011-02-07T10:56:00.001+01:002011-02-07T15:59:11.802+01:00Muddy encounters<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>NO-BOK</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> <div style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Nothing compares with action geology, when you are out in the field and can observe geological processes occurring on a timescale that compares with the lifetime of your favourite sandwich. For me, working with mud volcanoes has been enlightening in that respect, despite the muddy nature of the subject. </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-GB">The pictures of this week are from Azerbaijan – the country where most of the spectacular onshore mud volcanoes are located. Many of them have frequent eruptions (every 10-15 years or so) and are characterized by dormant periods in between which in fact are far from dormant or boring. Constant seepage of gases, mud, and water take place in the volcano centres, producing landscapes and morphologies on the surreal side of the spectrum. I have been to these volcanoes two times and wonder when I will be back...</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-GB">The Bahar mud volcano field. One of the biggest mud cones is constantly active and is composed and build from countless small flows. </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TU_BEilHyZI/AAAAAAAAAGg/gZFDOG0kQ98/s1600/DSC_5754_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TU_BEilHyZI/AAAAAAAAAGg/gZFDOG0kQ98/s320/DSC_5754_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> A field of gryphons, characterized by their relatively small size (up to 2-3 meters tall) and clustered occurrence. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Bursting of a bubble in a gryphon. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TU_BNyg3v_I/AAAAAAAAAGo/4LwftzORTPk/s1600/DSC_5629_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TU_BNyg3v_I/AAAAAAAAAGo/4LwftzORTPk/s320/DSC_5629_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The Caspian Sea as seen from the shore along the Bahar mud volcano. The poles are part of the infrastructure that used to belong to offshore oil platforms. Oil fields are commonly associated with the mud volcanoes. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TU_BR44SyKI/AAAAAAAAAGs/c2bLPLPFTOs/s1600/DSC_5711_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TU_BR44SyKI/AAAAAAAAAGs/c2bLPLPFTOs/s320/DSC_5711_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">For more information about these volcanoes, check out <a href="http://folk.uio.no/hensven/Mazzini_2009_AZ.pdf">this paper</a>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
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</div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-10528187970207510372011-01-17T11:12:00.001+01:002011-01-17T11:13:08.802+01:00Chasing volcanic intruders on Greenland<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">As a follow-up to the Arctic adventure from the last blog post, I will show some of the geological gems of West Greenland. Along Vaigat north of Ilulissat, volcanic rocks belonging to the North Atlantic igneous province crop out. The volcanism took place in a near-shore environment about 55-56 million years ago. At the same time, the Earth experienced a 200.000 year period of global warming (the so called Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum; PETM). I went there the summer of 2006 to sample sills, dikes, and metamorphic sediments, as I work with an hypothesis linking the volcanism to the climate change. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">The pictures of the week show 1) igneous dikes cross-cutting Cretaceous sandstone and coal beds, and 2) a sill intrusion outcropping like a big massive whale. Spectacular outcrops, indeed. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TTQVJJe6n3I/AAAAAAAAAGQ/fw1VBp73IjE/s1600/IMG_3463_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TTQVJJe6n3I/AAAAAAAAAGQ/fw1VBp73IjE/s320/IMG_3463_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB">The whale:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TTQVceC2u8I/AAAAAAAAAGY/tkLewxLB2_4/s1600/IMG_3510_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TTQVceC2u8I/AAAAAAAAAGY/tkLewxLB2_4/s320/IMG_3510_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">An interesting feature of volcanic intrusions is that they heat the surrounding sediments. This may sometimes lead to mobilization of the sediments. The picture below shows a sandstone intrusion into coal beds, possibly mobilized as a consequence of volcanic activity – although high pressures in the sand layer (for instance due to high water content and rapid burial) could have played a role as well. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-74264438549434698932011-01-08T21:58:00.000+01:002011-01-08T21:58:28.403+01:00The wonders of winter geology<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TSjEEIL5LNI/AAAAAAAAAGM/ted-lF9h3lk/s1600/L1000152_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TSjEEIL5LNI/AAAAAAAAAGM/ted-lF9h3lk/s320/L1000152_mod.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <span lang="EN-US">One of the great things about being a geologist is the possibility to go to warm places when it’s winter and cold in Norway. I can’t imagine anything better than leaving Oslo in, lets say April, and heading for late summer in South Africa. The warm weather feels inspiring and even rewarding for the field work. And of course, when coming back to Oslo again, the spring miracle has arrived. </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US">In April 2010 I did the opposite. Instead of seeking the exciting geology of South Africa, with all the sill intrusions and metamorphic sediments, I headed north. To Svalbard. As far as I’m concerned, this is ultima Thule. 78 degrees north. And very cold indeed. </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US">But the geology is fantastic (and actually fairly similar to what we find in South Africa). The picture of this week shows a landscape where the topography is dominated by black hills. Site: Diabasodden. These black hills represents volcanic sill intrusions and the primary target for the fieldwork. </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US">The sills are part of a Large igneous province that formed in the Cretaceous, with remnants scattered across the Arctic. The precise ages of the intrusions are actually not known, and together with colleagues the plan was to find out when the rocks formed – once and for all. So we needed to find zircons. Easier said than done… Zircon is commonly absent from basaltic rocks. </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US">Rumors from the lab: the zircons are there! </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US">We collected nice pieces of blackish rocks, and headed back to Longyearbyen with the snow scooters. They are truly remarkable pieces of machinery, and after some practice I did 100 km/h on the snow and ice. </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US">I’m sure you wonder why we went to Svalbard to do geology during winter. Well, the 10 degrees below zero made the snow scooter trips easy, and we could reach far out from Longyearbyen without having to hike forever or rely on helicopter – as you normally will have to if you go there in the summer. The sills form vertical escarpments commonly without snow cover. </span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US">One of the best fieldtrips ever!</span>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-42010075755589707832010-12-29T19:35:00.000+01:002010-12-29T19:35:11.502+01:002011: Into the Field<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DoNotShowRevisions/> <w:DoNotPrintRevisions/> <w:DoNotShowMarkup/> <w:DoNotShowComments/> <w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/> <w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>NO-BOK</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The decision has been made. Let’s spend the new year rewinding. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">I’ll pick from the archive and find the most interesting pictures, landscapes and situations I have seen during my fieldwork the last decade. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">New Years Eave with all its promises is still a few days ahead but I feel confident: I will update The Pore space once a week (and who knows, perhaps even more frequent). </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US">The Pore Space 2011 will take you to South Africa, Mali, Argentina, California, Greenland, Svalbard, Siberia, Norway, Italy, Azerbaijan, and Iceland. Until January; have a great New Year!</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TRt-6HLOGRI/AAAAAAAAAGI/e1VaTfa4a8A/s1600/lava.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TRt-6HLOGRI/AAAAAAAAAGI/e1VaTfa4a8A/s320/lava.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-37942850068307223702010-12-16T21:28:00.000+01:002010-12-16T21:28:11.700+01:00Absent - but still present<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TQpAg69WRmI/AAAAAAAAAGA/G0IABkSZU8Q/s1600/agu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TQpAg69WRmI/AAAAAAAAAGA/G0IABkSZU8Q/s1600/agu.jpg" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The American Geophysical Union (AGU) meeting is on this week. I haven’t been to San Francisco for a few years now, but I can’t help feeling somewhat restless these days. Many of my colleagues are there, feeding on the new and exciting science – and probably some great Asian food… </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Then again, it’s a long travel, and there are other ways to get updates. One of the new things to spend time on is the <a href="http://blogs.agu.org/blogs/">AGU blog</a>. The 'blogosphere'. The organizers have invited seven bloggers to present daily updates and flavors from the meeting. The bloggers write from various parts of the Earth Science arena. A nice way to get in touch with both San Francisco and a few of the meeting highlights.</span></div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-76659896733139384122010-11-21T09:24:00.000+01:002010-11-21T09:24:08.299+01:00Getting published in Bulgaria<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TOjWxaNuA8I/AAAAAAAAAF0/sSaP_eoHdj4/s1600/Kraqt-e-blizo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ox="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TOjWxaNuA8I/AAAAAAAAAF0/sSaP_eoHdj4/s1600/Kraqt-e-blizo.jpg" /></a></div><br />
My disaster-book will be published in Bulgaria tomorrow - and I'm heading down to Sofia for the launch. The publisher is Perseus Books. Have a look at their cool web-site!: <a href="http://www.perseus-books.com/">http://www.perseus-books.com/</a>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-84248288356195036062010-11-15T17:27:00.000+01:002010-11-15T17:27:45.182+01:00Forest poetry<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwhJPAnkl0Wx9Dy3gAgwIDG4KdBRMpw13fZTVGRW_JBBNZ6ZQlOuAHhfTcfJheF8ATE3r-b-e7NCIsqrWSMbw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br />
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Rediscovered this one today. Winter has just arrived - so it's time to go through the summer and fall pictures!Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-1609534461570003222010-08-23T16:57:00.002+02:002010-08-23T19:24:20.159+02:00The Writing RoomSad days ahead: I have to leave my writing room in a week.<br />
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The room is located in Asker, a short stroll from where I live. From the early November days of last year, I have spent hours and hours in this room on the second floor of a charming white wooden house. It used to be a farm house, a kindergarden, now a cultural center (Englagaard) with a gallery, working-rooms for artists, writers, musicians, and the like. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/THKILvXqc7I/AAAAAAAAAFk/Yie7UVQy1No/s1600/L1010877_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/THKILvXqc7I/AAAAAAAAAFk/Yie7UVQy1No/s320/L1010877_mod.jpg" /></a></div><br />
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Here is what I like about it: The early mornings when kids walk past the house on their way to school, and the quietness that follows. The atmosphere. The oldness. The faint smell of paint in the room (it used to be a studio), the narrow stairway, and the almost shocking greenness in the garden. Few interuptions, but people to talk to if bored of writing. The generosity of all the other people there. The old window posts, the space.<br />
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Still, it's time to move on, the manuscript is almost there. But I hope for a reunion. Soon.Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-25175616259146204892010-08-18T20:12:00.001+02:002010-08-18T20:21:30.034+02:00Never ending<span lang="EN-US">I'm working on an upgrade of my book The End is Nigh for the Bulgarian market. It will be published by Perseus Books later this year, and of course an update is desirable. There have been so many disasters lately and millions of people are currently affected.<br />
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Earthquakes in Haiti and Chile earlier this year, and the climate/weather-related disasters this summer: Heat wave and increased mortality in Moscow, forest fires, floods in Eastern Europe, China, and Pakistan. This is not unusual if consulting disaster statistics, as major disaster strike every year smaller natural disasters occur every day. Still, the last months have been devastating. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TGwkVN5kuJI/AAAAAAAAAFg/2_xDWUU1W0w/s1600/pakistan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TGwkVN5kuJI/AAAAAAAAAFg/2_xDWUU1W0w/s320/pakistan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: xx-small;">(Pakistan. Image: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-10896849)</span></div><span lang="EN-US"> <br />
There is only one recipe that will work for reducing the number of deaths and affected people following natural disasters: reduction of vulnerability. Easier said than done, of course. Check out the website for ISDR (<a href="http://www.unisdr.org/">International Strategy for Disaster Reduction</a>) for latest news.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Before lower vulnerability in poor countries becomes a reality, the affected countries need assistance, in particular Pakistan. A Pakistani-Norwegian politician in Oslo has said that the apparently low willingness in Norway to donate to the victims in Pakistan is due to skepticism towards Muslims. This type of statements has luckily received little support. If less money is being donated to Pakistan these days compared to during other natural disasters, the solution likely lies elsewhere. </span>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-60441032456879097972010-08-17T17:45:00.001+02:002010-08-23T17:01:51.670+02:00Back from the BushCame back from East Siberia a few days ago after three weeks of travelling and fieldwork. Got some great samples of lavas and sediments from the Siberian Traps volcanic province! The picture below was taken from the helicopter.<br />
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Barely managed to send off a book review of "Shaky Colonialism" to Reviews in History before heading for Siberia. The book is written by Charles F. Walker and is about the devastating 1746 earthquake that struck Lima, Peru. The review was made for a special issue on environmental history.<br />
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Read the review <a href="http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/932">here</a>.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TGqt-V3rtXI/AAAAAAAAAFY/zftafm_0lOU/s1600/L1010454_mod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/TGqt-V3rtXI/AAAAAAAAAFY/zftafm_0lOU/s320/L1010454_mod.jpg" /></a></div>Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9005013299720063551.post-55660843638072847402010-03-27T22:28:00.006+01:002010-03-27T23:14:29.611+01:00Just to get started..<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/S66DPZe1PwI/AAAAAAAAAC8/Q1sqR-1Y5L8/s1600/winter.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Fp-LKInIOMc/S66DPZe1PwI/AAAAAAAAAC8/Q1sqR-1Y5L8/s320/winter.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5453440499353730818" border="0" /></a><br />As winter is fading, Im browsing my images taken at -10 C a few months ago. The one shown here is from outside my door.Henrik Svensenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05817002901093983580noreply@blogger.com0